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Kirant Mundhum
Kirat Mundhum (also ''Kirati Mundhum''), also called Kiratism or Kirantism, is the religion of the Kiratis: Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha peoples of Nepal, India, Myanmar and now practiced in the UK, China, USA and many other countries.〔(final layout pdf.p65 )〕 The practice is also known as ''Kirat Veda'',〔p. 56 ''Kiratese at a Glance'' By Gopal Man Tandukar〕〔p. xxv ''A Grammar of Limbu'' By George van Driem〕 ''Kirat-Ko Veda''〔''Problems of Modern Indian Literature'' by Statistical Pub. Society: distributor, K. P. Bagchi〕 or ''Kirat Ko Ved''.〔p. 323 ''Kiratas in Ancient India'' By G. P. Singh, Dhaneswar Kalita, V Sudarsen, M A Kalam〕 According to some scholars, such as Tom Woodhatch, it is a blend of animism (e.g., ancestor worshiping of Sumnima and Paruhang),〔"History and Culture of the Kirat" by I.S.Chemjong〕 Saivism,〔p. 535 ''Nepal'' By Tom Woodhatch〕 and Tibetan Buddhism.〔 It is practiced by about 3.1% of the Nepali population.〔http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf〕 Before it was recognized as a religion on the Nepali census, 36% of the Kirati population claimed to follow the Kirant religion, but when it was recognized this figure increased to 73.9%, a 157% increase in the Nepali Kiratis.〔
The Limbu people have their own distinct form of Kirat Mundhum, known as Yumaˀ Samyo or Yumaism; they venerate supreme goddess called Tagera Ningwaˀphuma.
==Mundhum==
(詳細はscripture and folk literature of the Kirat people of Nepal, central to Kirat Mundhum. All four Kirats (Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha) have slightly different Mundhum.'' Mundhum'' means "the power of great strength" in the Kirati language. The Mundhum covers many aspects of the Kirat culture, customs and traditions that existed before Vedic civilisation in South Asia.〔(Cultures & people of Darjeeling )〕
The Mundhum for each tribe consists of customs, habits, rituals, traditions, and myths passed down from the Kirati tribe's ancestors. Mundhums serve, in a way, as customary laws which guide Kirats in their daily lives.〔p. 65 ''Culture, Creation, and Procreation'' By Monika Böck, Aparna Rao〕 The ''Mundhum'' also distinguishes each Kiranti tribe from other Kiranti and non-Kirantis as well.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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